Symptoms

Gender dysphoria may cause adolescents and adults to experience a marked difference between their inner gender identity and their assigned gender, persisting for at least six months. This difference is manifested by at least two of the following:

• A disparity between gender identity and genitals or secondary sex characteristics, such as breast size, voice, and facial hair. In young adolescents, a difference between gender identity and anticipated secondary sex characteristics.
• A strong desire to be rid of one's genitals or secondary sex characteristics or to prevent their development.
• A strong desire to possess the genitals and secondary sex characteristics of another gender.
• A strong desire to be treated as another gender.
• A strong belief in having the typical feelings and reactions of another gender.

Gender dysphoria may also lead to significant distress impacting social interactions, work or school performance, and other aspects of life.

It can emerge during childhood and continue into adolescence and adulthood, with potential fluctuations in dysphoric feelings over time. Onset might also coincide with puberty or occur much later in life.

Complications

Gender dysphoria can affect various aspects of life, including daily activities. Individuals experiencing gender dysphoria may encounter difficulties in school due to pressure to conform to their assigned sex or fear of harassment and teasing.

If untreated, gender dysphoria may lead to problems in school or work functioning, potentially resulting in school dropout or unemployment. Relationship difficulties are also common. Other potential complications include anxiety, depression, self-harm, eating disorders, and substance misuse.

People with gender dysphoria often face discrimination, causing additional stress. Accessing healthcare and mental health services might be challenging due to fear of stigma and a lack of experienced care providers.

Adolescents and adults experiencing gender dysphoria without gender-affirming treatment may be at higher risk of contemplating or attempting suicide.