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Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder

Panic attacks are sudden surges of intense fear or physical discomfort. Panic disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks plus ongoing fear or behavior changes related to future attacks. Teens can improve with treatment, especially CBT and exposure-based approaches.

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Factitious Disorder

Factitious disorder is a mental health condition in which a person intentionally falsifies, exaggerates or produces symptoms in order to take on the sick role, without the obvious external reward seen in malingering. It is different from genuinely misunderstood symptoms and should be diagnosed only through careful professional evaluation.

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Personality Disorders

Personality disorders are long-standing patterns of thinking, feeling and relating that cause significant problems across situations. In teenagers, diagnosis requires special care because personality and identity are still developing. A difficult phase, conflict with adults or one intense relationship is not enough to diagnose a personality disorder.

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Female Sexual Dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction can involve persistent problems with desire, arousal, orgasm or pain that cause distress. In adolescents, clinicians must consider normal development, consent, medications, mental health, medical conditions and relationship safety. No teen should be pressured into sexual activity to prove that their body is ‘normal.’

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Gambling Disorder

Gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction in which gambling becomes persistent, difficult to control and harmful. Teens may encounter gambling through sports culture, games, online content or illegal access even when they are below the legal age for regulated betting. The warning sign is not simply liking competition; it is losing control despite consequences.

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Gender Dysphoria

Gender dysphoria is clinically significant distress or impairment related to a mismatch between a person’s experienced gender and sex-related characteristics or social treatment. Being transgender or gender diverse is not itself a mental illness. Support should focus on the young person’s wellbeing, safety and individualized care.

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Hoarding Disorder

Hoarding disorder involves persistent difficulty discarding possessions, a strong perceived need to save them, and clutter that compromises living spaces or functioning. It is much more than a messy bedroom. Symptoms can begin in adolescence, and early help can prevent the pattern from becoming more severe over time.

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Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) involves repeated impulsive aggressive outbursts that are out of proportion to the situation. It is more than having a temper. Teens need careful evaluation for ADHD, trauma, mood disorders, substance use and unsafe environments before aggressive behavior is attributed to IED.

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Self-Injury (Cutting)

Self-injury is when someone intentionally hurts their own body as a way of coping with overwhelming feelings, numbness or distress. It often begins during the teen years. Self-injury is not the same as a suicide attempt, but it is serious, can become hard to stop and is linked with a higher risk of suicidal behavior. Help is available.

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Learning Disorders

Learning disorders affect specific academic skills such as reading, writing or math even when a student has had an opportunity to learn and has typical or strong intelligence. In high school, the gap between ability and performance can become more frustrating as coursework gets faster and more independent. Evaluation, targeted instruction and accommodations can make a real difference.

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