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Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a reading-related learning disorder that can make word recognition, decoding, spelling and reading fluency unusually difficult. It is not caused by low intelligence or laziness. High school can expose the amount of effort a teen has been using to keep up, and structured instruction plus accommodations can reduce that burden.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD causes unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images or urges and repetitive behaviors or mental rituals that a person feels driven to perform. For teens, OCD can hide inside homework, getting ready for school, reassurance seeking, checking, washing, confessing or repeating things until they feel “right.” Effective treatment exists, especially exposure and response prevention (ERP).

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Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are serious mental and physical health conditions, not diets that went too far. Teens of any gender and body size can develop them. Warning signs may show up in meals, sports, body checking, bathroom habits, energy, mood, concentration or school attendance, and early treatment matters because eating disorders can affect the heart, bones, hormones, brain and other organs.

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Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is more than normal teen disagreement. It involves a persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, arguing or defiance, or vindictive behavior that causes real problems at home, school or in relationships. Evaluation should also look for ADHD, learning problems, anxiety, depression and stress.

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes recurrent unprovoked seizures. Teens with epilepsy can attend school, play sports and build ordinary lives, but they may need medication, a seizure action plan, safety precautions and adults at school who know how to provide seizure first aid.

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Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder

Panic attacks are sudden surges of intense fear or physical discomfort. Panic disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks plus ongoing fear or behavior changes related to future attacks. Teens can improve with treatment, especially CBT and exposure-based approaches.

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Factitious Disorder

Factitious disorder is a mental health condition in which a person intentionally falsifies, exaggerates or produces symptoms in order to take on the sick role, without the obvious external reward seen in malingering. It is different from genuinely misunderstood symptoms and should be diagnosed only through careful professional evaluation.

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Personality Disorders

Personality disorders are long-standing patterns of thinking, feeling and relating that cause significant problems across situations. In teenagers, diagnosis requires special care because personality and identity are still developing. A difficult phase, conflict with adults or one intense relationship is not enough to diagnose a personality disorder.

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Female Sexual Dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction can involve persistent problems with desire, arousal, orgasm or pain that cause distress. In adolescents, clinicians must consider normal development, consent, medications, mental health, medical conditions and relationship safety. No teen should be pressured into sexual activity to prove that their body is ‘normal.’

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Gambling Disorder

Gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction in which gambling becomes persistent, difficult to control and harmful. Teens may encounter gambling through sports culture, games, online content or illegal access even when they are below the legal age for regulated betting. The warning sign is not simply liking competition; it is losing control despite consequences.

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